General Management Theories Free Essays

General Management Theories: There are four general administration hypotheses. 1. Frederick Taylor †Theory of Scientific Management. We will compose a custom paper test on General Management Theories or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now 2. Henri Fayol †Administrative Management Theory. 3. Max Weber †Bureaucratic Theory of Management. 4. Elton Mayo †Behavioral Theory of Management (Hawthorne Effect). 1. Frederick Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management. Taylor’s hypothesis of logical administration planned for, improving monetary effectiveness, particularly work efficiency. Taylor had a straightforward view about, what roused individuals at work, †cash. He felt that, laborers ought to get a, reasonable day’s pay for a reasonable day’s work, and that pay, ought to be connected to the sum created. Hence he presented the, DIFFERENTIAL PIECE RATE SYSTEM, of paying wages to the laborers. Taylor’s Differential Piece Rate Plan. On the off chance that Efficiency is more prominent than the characterized Standard, at that point laborers ought to be paid 120 % of Normal Piece Rate. On the off chance that Efficiency is not exactly standard, at that point laborers ought to be paid 80% of Normal Piece Rate. Standards of Scientific Management. Four Principles of Scientific Management are: 1. Time and movement study: †Study the manner in which employments are performed and find better approaches to do them. 2. Educate, prepare and build up the laborer with improved techniques for accomplishing work. Systematize the new strategies into rules. 3. Enthusiasm of manager ; workers ought to be completely fit to make sure about commonly understanding relations between them. 4. Set up reasonable degrees of execution and pay a premium for better. 2. Henri Fayol’s Administrative Management Theory: Henri Fayol known as the Father Of Management set out the 14 standards of Management. †1. Division of Work. 2. Value. 3. Control. 4. Activity. 5. Authority and Responsibility. 6. Esprit De Corps. 7. Subjection of Individual Interest to General Interest. . Strength of Tenure. 9. Compensation. 10. Solidarity of Direction. 11. Centralization. 12. Scalar Chain. 14. Solidarity of Command. 3. Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory Of Management Weber made a differentiation among power and force. Weber accepted that force evokes submission through power or the danger of power which instigates people t o stick to guidelines. As indicated by Max Weber, there are three sorts of intensity in an association:- 1. Conventional Power 2. Alluring Power 3. Bureaucratic Power or Legal Power. Highlights of Bureaucracy: 1. Division of Labor. 2. Formal Hierarchical Structure. 3. Choice dependent on Technical Expertise. 4. The board by Rules. 5. Composed Documents. 6. Just Legal Power is Important. 7. Formal and Impersonal relations. 4. Elton Mayo’s Behavioral Theory of Management: Elton Mayo’s tests indicated an expansion in specialist profitability was created by the mental boost of being singled out, included, and caused to feel significant. Hawthorne Effect, can be summed up as â€Å"Employees will react decidedly to any novel change in workplace like better enlightenment, clean work stations, migrating workstations and so forth. Representatives are increasingly gainful on the grounds that they realize they are being examined. Step by step instructions to refer to General Management Theories, Papers

Literature Review Social Sciences and Humanities

Questions: 1.What job does Cultural Identity play in impacting unassuming design choices?2.What is the connection among style and Muslim Identity?3.What is the job of online networking in affecting Muslim females with regards to mold? Answers: Presentation As per Jesson (2011), A Literature Review alludes to basically examining the writing from various solid sources like books, distributed diaries which gives the evaluation of the subject to be looked on. The intention of this writing audit is to furnish the scientist with the information on written works from various hotspots for the subject of the exploration (Jesson, 2011). What's more, the writing survey likewise gives the specialist a framework to do the exploration with legitimate assortment of information and its examination. The ebb and flow research will talk about the impact of the social personality in unobtrusive style decisions, the relationship that exists among design and Muslim character, the job of online networking in affecting Muslim females for style lastly the entire rundown of the exploration. 1. According to Larrain (2013), this can be assimilated that Culture alludes to when a gathering of individuals share their perspectives, thoughts, convictions, information, ethics and their different abilities in like manner at that point, those individuals are supposed to be a piece of same culture. Comparable to culture, Cultural Identity alludes to the inclination when individuals have a sentiment of being a piece of a typical gathering. There normal gathering can be according to their nationality, religion, age gathering, region or some other social gathering (Larrain, 2013). Social Identity is comprised of a people own qualities just as the social gathering to which they have a place with. In the view of Haslam, Reicher and Platow (2010), it has been mirrored that a people social personality is a wonder which impacts their unassuming style decisions since it has been seen that dressing society of West has consistently been affecting the individuals of different pieces of the world. Social Identities are diverse for better places. For instance Western culture, Arab culture, Tibetan culture, Islamic culture and so on. Every one of these societies originate from various pieces of the world. What's more, societies assume a huge job in impacting people groups decisions of design as they will wear which suits to their character rather the character of the way of life to which they have a place (Haslam, Reicher and Platow, 2010). In the perspectives on Kaiser (2012), it very well may be delineated that the way of life to which an individual have a place and the style decisions goes connected at the hip as, they are indistinguishable the explanation being that the way of life wherein an individual has grown up, the general public to which one has a place they assume a crucial job in setting up a social character for individuals (Kaiser, 2012). For instance if an individual was raised in a preservationist domain where there must be a calm method of dressing at that point, the individual will never feel diverted by new rising designs that are diverse to theirs. The significance of unassuming design decisions alludes to the style that is in the Islamic culture which says that the style ought to be in a manner that is agreeable, covers all the pieces of the body and bolster oversize garments. According to the perspectives on Othman (2017), it tends to be unveiled that humble designs are explicitly identified with the individuals of Islamic culture, their way of life assumes a significant job in impacting their style decisions. They have been related with individuals who have a solid confidence in their religion and its social ethnicities accordingly; their way of life personality turns into a significant piece of decisions. Muslims have consistently observed living in a traditionalist domain where they are not permitted to wear as indicated by their inclinations particularly the females who are approached to cover their entire body appropriately also; they are not in any manner permitted to break the current design decisions of Burkha and Hijab that every individual having a place with the Muslim culture should follow (Othman, 2017). As indicated by Lewis (2013), it very well may be depicted that the way of life personality impacts the humble style decisions as the Muslim society everywhere follows all the comparable sort of conventions, convictions and ethics which are taken sent by the individuals of that culture. The equivalent is educated to the more youthful ages in this manner; what they learn at their more youthful ages the equivalent is trailed by them when they develop old. What's more, the social character empowers in framing a people character, conduct, sees, assessments and so forth in particular it incorporates the manner in which individuals dress. The unassuming design decisions are for the most part related and propelled by the dressing style of Muslims which incorporates dresses which are full-sleeved, head covers essentially, their thought process is to cover their entire body as a result of their social convictions (Lewis, 2013). 2. In the view of McCracken (2008), Fashion alludes to any style of dressing, make up or hairdo which is in pattern. Likewise, it is a method of looking respectable while holding oneself for parties, get-togethers, work environment and so forth. The significance of design is distinctive for various gatherings of individuals as style go inseparably with the way of life as talked about above. The connection among design and Muslim personality is extremely basic as the individuals having a place with that network are not so much permitted to wear what they feel like as the network is supposed to be exceptionally severe with regards to dressing of individuals. Likewise, the Muslims are put aside with regards to their style sense since they are generalized for their dress as the ones who are moderate and are not open to wear anything willingly yet are constrained to wear which is chosen since the antiquated occasions (McCracken, 2008). In the assessment of Shimek (2012), it is seen that the connection among design and Muslim character is unique in relation to that of the other social ways of life as they are quite certain and severe about their gathering individuals dressing sense particularly females. This is a result of their accept that the females of their locale are not permitted to let some other men see their skin and hair that is the purpose for why they are required to wear Burkha or Hijab and afterward step out of their homes. Else, it is considered as an offense to their locale. The Islamic culture puts stock in following their design, convention, values, rules, culture and so forth in any event, when individuals from their locale are of an alternate supposition (Shimek, 2012). In the perspectives on Deniz (2014), it tends to be seen that the Islamic culture is likewise exceptionally specific about the cover of females of their gathering as they accept that ladies of their locale should be the conventional figure and isn't permitted to go for style which isn't as per their way of life (Deniz, 2014). The connection among style and Muslim character is extremely exacting as this doesn't permit the gathering particularly it centers around females. What's more, it can likewise be said that ladies need to endure as they don't get the opportunity and decision of their own as for design or what they need to wear. 3. As indicated by Mangold and Faulds (2009), it very well may be mirrored that Social Media has made considerable progress in the previous decade as; it has risen as another powerful and conservative mechanism of showcasing and publicizing of anything and whenever. The inclusion of internet based life is additionally enormous as every day an ever increasing number of clients are gaining admittance to it. The benefit of this is the expansion in the client base and individuals getting mindful about the new patterns coming in. The web based life assumes an exceptionally critical job in drawing in individuals towards the new style patterns and decisions. In the huge rundown of individuals getting pulled in to design in light of the persuasive posts, recordings and pictures that are transferred via web-based networking media and that too with best of the costs, offers, limits and so on. Online life is an exceptionally huge medium which comprises of various stages like Facebook, Twitter a nd Instagram and so forth as these give the information on a solitary item to countless crowd at a solitary purpose of time (Mangold and Faulds, 2009). According to Hassim (2014), it is disclosed that Social media assumes the job of an influencer to draw in individuals towards different design items. Muslim females are particularly pulled in by all the new patterns coming in however on a similar hand their social personality additionally urges them to make a stride back. With the adjustment in showcase the web-based social networking is likewise changing the picture of Muslim females by making changes into their veiling styles, their array which incorporates their head wraps and Burkhas by altering them and making them satisfactory. After globalization, the online life is continually changing the introductions of the clothing of Muslim ladies (Hassim, 2014). As indicated by the issue given in The Telegraph (2016), it very well may be delineated that Social media has assumed a major job in changing the picture of ladies in Islamic nations who were never spurred for fashionista sort of items yet with the expansion in the utilization of web based life, it has supported ladies from the Muslim personality just to approach and start to lead the pack of carrying excellent changes into the lives of ladies of their locale. As they would like to think they likewise reserve the privilege to acknowledge style. Web-based social networking has given some assistance to the individuals who have been working for the Muslim ladies. The best possible utilization of internet based life is taken for bringing out new design without disregarding their communitys customary and social qualities (The Telegraph, 2016). In the impression of Waninger (2015), it is depicted that social stages like Facebook and Instagram have given some assistance to the business people and fashioners who are concocting new styles for Muslim ladies to cover them. The greatest bit of leeway of web based life is that it is an intuitive mechanism of showcasing items this will likewise get back the

medneo

medneo INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. Today we are in  Berlin  with medneo. Nico, who are you and what do you do?Nicolas: Well, thanks for being here, first of all. Im glad that youre here. So, medneo, what is medneo doing. So maybe Ill tell you a little bit where we come from, so that gives you a very good introduction. So, my 2 co-founders and myself, we met each other at Siemens, Siemens Healthcare. So weve been there for many years. I personally was there for nearly 11 years. And we always discover the same two issues there, thats the founding principle of what we are doing with medneo.First of all, we saw that the utilization of the very expensive and heavy diagnostic imaging technologies is very-very low. So in any other industry that  wouldnt  be possible. So in the airline industry, if  the plane is standing as much in the ground then MRI is not running, you cant afford flight anymore. That was the first observation.Second observation was, that more and more customers from those medical de vice manufacturers like Siemens, GE and so on, they were asking for a flexible purchasing options or utilization models, like I only pay for a patient. This is really difficult for medical device manufacturers, because they can’t influence the utilization rate.So, I always compare that with car rental agency, car rental agency cant manage the  utilization  of a  car, if the car is standing in your parking lot and you have the key for it. Thats exactly the case, if you bring that device to a hospital or an outpatient center, you cant influence the utilization. And those two things are the cornerstone of what we are actually doing.We are operating or building an operating diagnostic imaging centers and operating them as a medical technical service provider, not as a doctor, not as a physician, not as a medical service provider. So the radiologists, the doctors, those are our customers. Theyre independent, they are their own entrepreneurs, they can stay independent, they dont have to commit to MVZ, in  Germany  like outpatient center, or whatever.They are their own entrepreneurs. They are our customers, but they are only taking care of the medical part. Thats what they learnt in the university, thats why they become a doctor and everything else is done by medneo. Starting from the scheduling of a patient or if the patient wants to have an appointment, to the management of the patient in the diagnostic center, the image acquisition process, how to scan a patient. So thats all done by medneo with our own staff, with our own experts.Then after the image acquisition, the radiologist gets the images on our IT infrastructure, thats also something we develop on our own to enable all those process efficiency steps that we doing. He does the interpretation, writes the final report and after that we take over again, we send out the report to the referring physician, to the patient, handling the invoicing stuff in the name of the radiologist, thats the patient of the radi ologist, its not our patient. But we are doing all the organization and administrative things again.So as I said, the radiologist can concentrate on being a doctor, and we can concentrate on, well, all the other aspects that are important to run a business.Martin: Great! Have there been any challenges when you started this business and how did you overcome them?Nicolas: In general, we are quite happy where we are standing right now.The first challenge of course, well, getting out of a huge company, with my 2 co-founders. So whats the right time to jump, so to say. What are the important partners would stay for networking, we want to  take with us  and further utilize it in the future. That was the first big step that weve taken.  Most of the founders have to take the step as well.Well, then afterwards of course it was important having those general ideas and those cornerstones I just described, to actually get into the market, being really operational, knowing every bit of the proce ss details, what to focus on, and of course gaining the trust of the medical service providers, so the doctors.At the beginning that was the hardest part, because for our first diagnostic center, we had to convince them with a Power Point presentation, more or less. For all the other centers, it was quite a major step to be much easier. Because now we can invite them, they can see how we are actually working, how the process is working, what we are actually doing and experienced that. And so, its way easier to convince them and to gain the trust, that we can do that as being non-doctors or non-experts in their perception.That was certainly one of the major things at the beginning. It just turns out that being non-doctor is now becoming more and more important for us, more and more beneficial, while talking to doctors, because the differentiation, the scope of what they are doing and what we are doing is so  clear. We cant do the medical part and thats our core focus, we say we  dont do anything in that arena. But we take care of all the rest.BUSINESS MODELMartin: One core competency of you is that you really try to utilize the fixed assets much more efficient than anybody else in the market. How do you do it?Nicolas: What is utilization? Utilization is how many examination you do per MRI wise, per time, per year, whatever. In general, if you want to do that  with an airplane, you have also two measures that you can implement.You can see the plane is flying all the time, and its not standing on the ground.You can see that the utilization, so the  sit  load factor is increased.Thats exactly the same what we are doing as well.  We have very long opening hours, so at the moment in Berlin, we are operating 18 hours a day, from 6 in the morning to midnight. Well come to the next question, if the patients are coming at that time. They do actually.And the second part is of course, how many patients we can do per hour or per time. Thats also hugely depending on the pro cess efficiency, and there we can do really really a lot without being not very nice environment for a patient, where he always feels to be in a hurry. Our process efficiency measures are indeed bringing kindness to patient while still being efficient. With those to deliver, we increase utilization way more than any other radiology center in  Germany, well actually not only in  Germany.Martin: On the one hand side we have this fixed assets but on the other hand you also said that you provide some kind of software service to the radiologist. Can you tell us a little bit more whether you develop this by your own and on what type of functions you are focusing?Nicolas: IT is one of the key differentiators in our process, because it supports our process in all aspects. In general, in radiology department, youre using 2 different kinds of IT systems for your operational process.So one system is the image management system, where you can store these huge data files, huge image files, what such a device is actually delivering. How to manage that, how to store that, how to make that  secure, and also manage the viewing whether the radiologist is actually looking at the images and then writing his report, his conclusions. If theres something damaged in someones region. Thats one of the systems.And the second system is the workflow management system, where all the patients data is stored, all the medical records, medical history, also the whole workflow is supported, from the  scheduling  part which is for us, a very very important part because in the scheduling we determine the utilization. So thats the key aspect of the process there.  So whatever works right in the  sketching  part and works right in the diagnostic center later.But also, all the process in diagnostic center, thats all managed by this workflow system. And this workflow system was completely developed by our own. So at the beginning, we had to make the choice if we use a system that is out there, but m ost of the systems in the medical arena, especially very old and they tend to be where you shut down very close, no interfaces, well, all they say in test is secure but having no interfaces has nothing to do with being secure or not.As we learn from  other industries, and our system is a total opposite. Its a very flexible, very open system, while still being very-very secure and having your right authentification measures. And this is very very important, not only for our core business model where we are running and operating diagnostic imaging centers on our own, but also for all future activities that we are doing so we can leverage those IT possibilities that we have.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Nico, lets talk about the corporate strategy of medneo. Right now you have 2 diagnostic centers, one in  Berlin  and one in Potsdam. What I found very interesting is that both of them run a little bit different and that also your future, you have some other thoughts on how you would like to operate in the market. Can you tell us something about that?Nicolas: Our core business model as I just described, when we were talking about, is that we really invest in all the equipment, we run the diagnostic imaging centers, and we have a pay-per-use model for medical service providers. Thats our core model and that works very-very good for developed markets, not only  Germany, all  Central Europe, US, etc. So thats the model for those kinds of markets.For developing countries, its a totally different game. For them, it’s not the question if they can afford an MRI system or they can afford other imaging technology. For them, the question is can they operate it. And operating it, is always three different aspects that have to come together.The first aspect is infrastructure. Being able to actually operate the infrastructure, keep it alive. And there’s only electricity, cooling, interface to building technology, only to name a few of them and thats really really hard if youre in a developing country. I saw that myself in the recent years a lot. So thats the first aspect that you really have to manage.The second aspect is, you need experts in operating the medical devices, so radiographers, the medical technical expertise to acquire the image.And then the third aspect is the medical expertise to do the interpretation of the image, let say, Okay, whats wrong with the patient and give the doctors then an indication, the referring physicians, how to proceed with the patient.So those 3 things have to come together.And for us, thats exactly what we are focusing. Infrastructure, were now establishing not only radiology that we can be built in an existing building, like what weve done here in  Berlin. But we have developed a modular concept, where we are using a stand out ISO containers, so shipping containers, so  pure  shipping containers that we actually use as modules. So its not that we bind them together and place the radiology inside, but really each cont ainer is a module. So we have a container for the medical devices, we have a container for the entrance area, we have a container for the restroom, for the building technology, for the cooling. And we can even have containers for electricity generation and so on.With this infrastructure, we are able to premanufacture everything here in  Germany, together with the partners. We are not a manufacturing company, but we are the integrator or the know how on our side for all the bits of the technology. And we bring the manufacture that up to a rate of 85% roughly and then we can then ship it to developing countries. We basically need a basement there, where we can place the containers and everything else that we brought to those countries.  So not only the containers and the infrastructures but as I said also the electricity, internet via satellite, these are all the things we can actually do. Thats the infrastructure part.Lets jump to the third aspect, the medical part before we come to second one. The third aspect is the medical expertise. Thats actually something we are actually doing or ready based on our IT infrastructure we are developing on our own. We are able to connect other radiologists from all over the world via very-very thin internet cables, so with  high latency with low  bandwidth. And we already have a few very interesting projects.Our first one was actually in Nigeria, where all the other bigger IT companies said that its impossible to connect them and we said that’s just the right reference case for us. And we connected a hospital there. They have a CT, they have MRI, they have conventional X-Ray, their mammography device, but they don have a radiologist there. And there is also no radiologist close by, the next one is a couple of hundred kilometers away.And for them, thats really a problem because while they have some expensive devices there, but actually the results, well, if you dont have the expertise then its hard. So what weve done there, we installed our IT infrastructure. They can send their images directly from the scanner, so from those devices directly to our infrastructure. The images are transferred to our network. And now the radiologist will collaborate with us or our customers and here whole thing turns a bit around can earn additional money by actually by working in this teleradiology field and helping those developing countries while earning money for their own business. So thats the third part.The second part, and thats something we are using now also on our location in Potsdam as our RD location, where we actually develop the possibility to remote control such a scanner. That we can bring the medical technical expertise that we have here in Berlin or Germany in general, to those countries and actually guide the scan from remote.We always need somebody locally to take care of the patient, to place the patient on the table and do everything that is necessary locally, but running the very complex image ac quisition procedure, thats something we believe we can do remotely. And thats one of the RD things we are developing right now. And then we have all 3 parts together to run a radiology anywhere in the world.Martin: You only need a partner who can operate it and make sure that it cool, enough electricity going there?Nicolas: Well actually, we can provide that as well. We can provide cooling, we can provide electricity there if requested or if needed, so thats something that we can bring to the table. What we are not doing with those projects, we dont take the utilization risk.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: Nico, can you tell us something about the market of radiologists. Like how much revenue are they generating for example in  Germany, or in Europe and how this compares to  Nigeria  or the  US?Nicolas: Well, thats a very funny comparison actually. That in Munich there are more MRI scanners than in complete  Northern Africa. That also gives you an indication that theres quite some room to catch up for them.What I found is a very interesting figure, how many MRI scans per inhabitants you have that also shows which countries are developing and which area. In  Germany, like  Switzerland, the  US, you have between 9 and 10 MRI examinations per 100 inhabitants per year. So thats the rough rate here, you can calculate on. If you look a little bit around like  Eastern Europe, well, depending on the country of course, but you have rates between 2.5 to 4 examinations per 100 inhabitants per year. If you look at  Russia, you are below 1, if you look at  Africa, you can hardly count it. So that indicates that there’s a lot of room to catch up.And of course those are the countries we look at for our first business model, where we do the utilization in the developed countries. And of course the countries very interesting with the increasing gross domestic product, because we found that the correlation between MRI scans and the gross domestic product is really linear. So it can t be more precise actually.Martin: Okay.Nicolas: So thats pretty clear where we can go in this regard. And for our infrastructure of the machine as I said, developing countries are the core focus like Africa,  Middle East.  At the beginning, we prefer to stay in our time zones plus minus. But of course, Asia and  America  is also very interesting for the future.Martin: So my perception is that the medneo business model is quite unique in  Germany. Is there some similar business model also working in the  US  or  Canada?Nicolas: Not exactly. So you have big radiology chain, so thats something you can find. Also in Germany, where radiologists hire other radiologists and have a bigger chain and doing that usually quite regional. So they have a very high presence in regional market but you don’t have one example for whole Germany, and thats very similar to other countries as well.With all the benefits and also the issues that you have to solve while being radiologist hiring other radi ologist, usually the management and the service levels of such a model is not comparable to what we are doing.They key differentiation, being a technical provider and being expert in the technology field that is not that strong. And I think the biggest difference is that the radiologists who are working there, they are employees, they are not entrepreneurs. And thats the major difference to our model. So as I said, in our model all our customers are their own entrepreneurs, radiologists themselves or working together with hospitals of course as well. They are being their own organization and we dont hire them. Thats the key differentiator. And I havent seen that in  Germany,  up to my knowledge, I havent seen that anywhere else.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS In Berlin we interviewed Nicolas Weber, the co-founder of medneo.medneo was found by three ex-Siemens consultants and its business model is Radiology as a Service from buying diagnostic imaging equipment to buying of clinical images.The clients of medneo are radiologists, hospitals and other users that need clinical images on a pay-per-use-basis. The advantage for customers: flexibility, cost reduction and no investment-, technology- and utilization-risk.Nic told us in detail about medneos business model, the plans for the future, market comparison in the radiology across countries, and his advices for other entrepreneurs.The transcript of the interview is provided below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. Today we are in  Berlin  with medneo. Nico, who are you and what do you do?Nicolas: Well, thanks for being here, first of all. Im glad that youre here. So, medneo, what is medneo doing. So maybe Ill tell you a little bit where we come from, so that gives you a very good introduction. So, my 2 co-founders and myself, we met each other at Siemens, Siemens Healthcare. So weve been there for many years. I personally was there for nearly 11 years. And we always discover the same two issues there, thats the founding principle of what we are doing with medneo.First of all, we saw that the utilization of the very expensive and heavy diagnostic imaging technologies is very-very low. So in any other industry that  wouldnt  be possible. So in the airline industry, if  the plane is standing as much in the ground then MRI is not running, you cant afford flight anymore. That was the first observation.Second observation was, that more and more customers from those medical device manufacturers like Siemens, GE and so on, they were asking for a flexible purchasing options or utilization models, like I only pay for a patient. This is really difficult for medical device manufacturers, because they can’t influence the utilization rate.So, I always compare that with car rental agency, car rental agency cant manage the  utilization  of a  car, if the car is standing in your parking lot and you have the key for it. Thats exactly the case, if you bring that device to a hospital or an outpatient center, you cant influence the utilization. And those two things are the cornerstone of what we are actually doing.We are operating or building an operating diagnostic imaging centers and operating them as a medical technical service provider, not as a doctor, not as a physician, not as a medical service provider. So the radiologists, the doctors, those are our customers. Theyre independent, they are their own entrepreneurs, they can stay independent, they dont have to commit to MVZ, in  Germany  like outpatient center, or whatever.They are their own entrepreneurs. They are our customers, but they are only taking care of the medical part. Thats what they learnt in the university, thats why they become a doctor and everything else is done by medneo. Starting from the scheduling o f a patient or if the patient wants to have an appointment, to the management of the patient in the diagnostic center, the image acquisition process, how to scan a patient. So thats all done by medneo with our own staff, with our own experts.Then after the image acquisition, the radiologist gets the images on our IT infrastructure, thats also something we develop on our own to enable all those process efficiency steps that we doing. He does the interpretation, writes the final report and after that we take over again, we send out the report to the referring physician, to the patient, handling the invoicing stuff in the name of the radiologist, thats the patient of the radiologist, its not our patient. But we are doing all the organization and administrative things again.So as I said, the radiologist can concentrate on being a doctor, and we can concentrate on, well, all the other aspects that are important to run a business.Martin: Great! Have there been any challenges when you star ted this business and how did you overcome them?Nicolas: In general, we are quite happy where we are standing right now.The first challenge of course, well, getting out of a huge company, with my 2 co-founders. So whats the right time to jump, so to say. What are the important partners would stay for networking, we want to  take with us  and further utilize it in the future. That was the first big step that weve taken.  Most of the founders have to take the step as well.Well, then afterwards of course it was important having those general ideas and those cornerstones I just described, to actually get into the market, being really operational, knowing every bit of the process details, what to focus on, and of course gaining the trust of the medical service providers, so the doctors.At the beginning that was the hardest part, because for our first diagnostic center, we had to convince them with a Power Point presentation, more or less. For all the other centers, it was quite a major s tep to be much easier. Because now we can invite them, they can see how we are actually working, how the process is working, what we are actually doing and experienced that. And so, its way easier to convince them and to gain the trust, that we can do that as being non-doctors or non-experts in their perception.That was certainly one of the major things at the beginning. It just turns out that being non-doctor is now becoming more and more important for us, more and more beneficial, while talking to doctors, because the differentiation, the scope of what they are doing and what we are doing is so  clear. We cant do the medical part and thats our core focus, we say we  dont do anything in that arena. But we take care of all the rest.BUSINESS MODELMartin: One core competency of you is that you really try to utilize the fixed assets much more efficient than anybody else in the market. How do you do it?Nicolas: What is utilization? Utilization is how many examination you do per MRI wise , per time, per year, whatever. In general, if you want to do that  with an airplane, you have also two measures that you can implement.You can see the plane is flying all the time, and its not standing on the ground.You can see that the utilization, so the  sit  load factor is increased.Thats exactly the same what we are doing as well.  We have very long opening hours, so at the moment in Berlin, we are operating 18 hours a day, from 6 in the morning to midnight. Well come to the next question, if the patients are coming at that time. They do actually.And the second part is of course, how many patients we can do per hour or per time. Thats also hugely depending on the process efficiency, and there we can do really really a lot without being not very nice environment for a patient, where he always feels to be in a hurry. Our process efficiency measures are indeed bringing kindness to patient while still being efficient. With those to deliver, we increase utilization way more than an y other radiology center in  Germany, well actually not only in  Germany.Martin: On the one hand side we have this fixed assets but on the other hand you also said that you provide some kind of software service to the radiologist. Can you tell us a little bit more whether you develop this by your own and on what type of functions you are focusing?Nicolas: IT is one of the key differentiators in our process, because it supports our process in all aspects. In general, in radiology department, youre using 2 different kinds of IT systems for your operational process.So one system is the image management system, where you can store these huge data files, huge image files, what such a device is actually delivering. How to manage that, how to store that, how to make that  secure, and also manage the viewing whether the radiologist is actually looking at the images and then writing his report, his conclusions. If theres something damaged in someones region. Thats one of the systems.And the second system is the workflow management system, where all the patients data is stored, all the medical records, medical history, also the whole workflow is supported, from the  scheduling  part which is for us, a very very important part because in the scheduling we determine the utilization. So thats the key aspect of the process there.  So whatever works right in the  sketching  part and works right in the diagnostic center later.But also, all the process in diagnostic center, thats all managed by this workflow system. And this workflow system was completely developed by our own. So at the beginning, we had to make the choice if we use a system that is out there, but most of the systems in the medical arena, especially very old and they tend to be where you shut down very close, no interfaces, well, all they say in test is secure but having no interfaces has nothing to do with being secure or not.As we learn from  other industries, and our system is a total opposite. Its a very flexible, very open system, while still being very-very secure and having your right authentification measures. And this is very very important, not only for our core business model where we are running and operating diagnostic imaging centers on our own, but also for all future activities that we are doing so we can leverage those IT possibilities that we have.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Nico, lets talk about the corporate strategy of medneo. Right now you have 2 diagnostic centers, one in  Berlin  and one in Potsdam. What I found very interesting is that both of them run a little bit different and that also your future, you have some other thoughts on how you would like to operate in the market. Can you tell us something about that?Nicolas: Our core business model as I just described, when we were talking about, is that we really invest in all the equipment, we run the diagnostic imaging centers, and we have a pay-per-use model for medical service providers. Thats our core model and that works very-very good for developed markets, not only  Germany, all  Central Europe, US, etc. So thats the model for those kinds of markets.For developing countries, its a totally different game. For them, it’s not the question if they can afford an MRI system or they can afford other imaging technology. For them, the question is can they operate it. And operating it, is always three different aspects that have to come together.The first aspect is infrastructure. Being able to actually operate the infrastructure, keep it alive. And there’s only electricity, cooling, interface to building technology, only to name a few of them and thats really really hard if youre in a developing country. I saw that myself in the recent years a lot. So thats the first aspect that you really have to manage.The second aspect is, you need experts in operating the medical devices, so radiographers, the medical technical expertise to acquire the image.And then the third aspect is the medical expe rtise to do the interpretation of the image, let say, Okay, whats wrong with the patient and give the doctors then an indication, the referring physicians, how to proceed with the patient.So those 3 things have to come together.And for us, thats exactly what we are focusing. Infrastructure, were now establishing not only radiology that we can be built in an existing building, like what weve done here in  Berlin. But we have developed a modular concept, where we are using a stand out ISO containers, so shipping containers, so  pure  shipping containers that we actually use as modules. So its not that we bind them together and place the radiology inside, but really each container is a module. So we have a container for the medical devices, we have a container for the entrance area, we have a container for the restroom, for the building technology, for the cooling. And we can even have containers for electricity generation and so on.With this infrastructure, we are able to premanufactu re everything here in  Germany, together with the partners. We are not a manufacturing company, but we are the integrator or the know how on our side for all the bits of the technology. And we bring the manufacture that up to a rate of 85% roughly and then we can then ship it to developing countries. We basically need a basement there, where we can place the containers and everything else that we brought to those countries.  So not only the containers and the infrastructures but as I said also the electricity, internet via satellite, these are all the things we can actually do. Thats the infrastructure part.Lets jump to the third aspect, the medical part before we come to second one. The third aspect is the medical expertise. Thats actually something we are actually doing or ready based on our IT infrastructure we are developing on our own. We are able to connect other radiologists from all over the world via very-very thin internet cables, so with  high latency with low  bandwidth. And we already have a few very interesting projects.Our first one was actually in Nigeria, where all the other bigger IT companies said that its impossible to connect them and we said that’s just the right reference case for us. And we connected a hospital there. They have a CT, they have MRI, they have conventional X-Ray, their mammography device, but they don have a radiologist there. And there is also no radiologist close by, the next one is a couple of hundred kilometers away.And for them, thats really a problem because while they have some expensive devices there, but actually the results, well, if you dont have the expertise then its hard. So what weve done there, we installed our IT infrastructure. They can send their images directly from the scanner, so from those devices directly to our infrastructure. The images are transferred to our network. And now the radiologist will collaborate with us or our customers and here whole thing turns a bit around can earn additional mo ney by actually by working in this teleradiology field and helping those developing countries while earning money for their own business. So thats the third part.The second part, and thats something we are using now also on our location in Potsdam as our RD location, where we actually develop the possibility to remote control such a scanner. That we can bring the medical technical expertise that we have here in Berlin or Germany in general, to those countries and actually guide the scan from remote.We always need somebody locally to take care of the patient, to place the patient on the table and do everything that is necessary locally, but running the very complex image acquisition procedure, thats something we believe we can do remotely. And thats one of the RD things we are developing right now. And then we have all 3 parts together to run a radiology anywhere in the world.Martin: You only need a partner who can operate it and make sure that it cool, enough electricity going there ?Nicolas: Well actually, we can provide that as well. We can provide cooling, we can provide electricity there if requested or if needed, so thats something that we can bring to the table. What we are not doing with those projects, we dont take the utilization risk.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: Nico, can you tell us something about the market of radiologists. Like how much revenue are they generating for example in  Germany, or in Europe and how this compares to  Nigeria  or the  US?Nicolas: Well, thats a very funny comparison actually. That in Munich there are more MRI scanners than in complete  Northern Africa. That also gives you an indication that theres quite some room to catch up for them.What I found is a very interesting figure, how many MRI scans per inhabitants you have that also shows which countries are developing and which area. In  Germany, like  Switzerland, the  US, you have between 9 and 10 MRI examinations per 100 inhabitants per year. So thats the rough rate here, you can calculate on. If you look a little bit around like  Eastern Europe, well, depending on the country of course, but you have rates between 2.5 to 4 examinations per 100 inhabitants per year. If you look at  Russia, you are below 1, if you look at  Africa, you can hardly count it. So that indicates that there’s a lot of room to catch up.And of course those are the countries we look at for our first business model, where we do the utilization in the developed countries. And of course the countries very interesting with the increasing gross domestic product, because we found that the correlation between MRI scans and the gross domestic product is really linear. So it cant be more precise actually.Martin: Okay.Nicolas: So thats pretty clear where we can go in this regard. And for our infrastructure of the machine as I said, developing countries are the core focus like Africa,  Middle East.  At the beginning, we prefer to stay in our time zones plus minus. But of course, Asia and  A merica  is also very interesting for the future.Martin: So my perception is that the medneo business model is quite unique in  Germany. Is there some similar business model also working in the  US  or  Canada?Nicolas: Not exactly. So you have big radiology chain, so thats something you can find. Also in Germany, where radiologists hire other radiologists and have a bigger chain and doing that usually quite regional. So they have a very high presence in regional market but you don’t have one example for whole Germany, and thats very similar to other countries as well.With all the benefits and also the issues that you have to solve while being radiologist hiring other radiologist, usually the management and the service levels of such a model is not comparable to what we are doing.They key differentiation, being a technical provider and being expert in the technology field that is not that strong. And I think the biggest difference is that the radiologists who are working there, they are employees, they are not entrepreneurs. And thats the major difference to our model. So as I said, in our model all our customers are their own entrepreneurs, radiologists themselves or working together with hospitals of course as well. They are being their own organization and we dont hire them. Thats the key differentiator. And I havent seen that in  Germany,  up to my knowledge, I havent seen that anywhere else.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURSMartin: We always try to help people and get some advice so they dont make so much error as they would have been, maybe. What would be your advice for first time entrepreneurs and maybe you can also give some light into what advice would you give on, if you have a business model that is very capital intensive?Nicolas: Well, they are 2 totally different things you have to see.First part, as I said is always financing of course and having a business model that is quite capital intensive, you have to see how you structure your financing needs. So if you want to do everything with equity then thats a problem for your own shares, more or less. Its quite stable, but you have to see how to, if you want to have a debt financing for instance to mix that, you really have to see how to get your feet in the ground as fast as possible and have a functioning and working operational business. Because thats the only reason or the only argument you have to a bank that you have operating cash flow and whole thing is working. So thats very-very important.In terms of equity, well, search for partners you feel that theres also a cultural fit. So, I know many entrepreneurs are saying that, but I definitely believe in that. So, there are times when you dont meet the plans, well at least I heard that, we dont have that so far. But you need people as a sparing partner. So for me, for us as a founding team, we are coming from a big organization, and big organization has always the opportunity or the advantage that you get a lot of advice from people around you, at least from your boss from time to time. So now being our own bosses, its still important to get advice and to get some additional ideas. And while very often you dont get an honest advice from your employees, you need to search for your own network and here also your shareholders or your investors  can be, from my perspective, and should be a very good sparing partner in that regard.Other term of advice, is don’t forget to take care of your customers and your network. So thats really-really important. Having a great idea and managing all the details is great but try to be operational as soon as possible and I think thats one of the key things why we are here where we already are.Martin: Thank you very much, Nico!

The Pros And Cons Of Cloud Administrations - 1042 Words

The majority of us have been found out about the most cloud security disappointments in which all the cloud innovation organizations are kept on developing, despite everything they endure a similar kind of issues in-house infrastructures. Distributed computing has turned into a greatest market in the present innovation. In a report of 2016, experts at Gartner anticipated that exchanging to cloud will influence $1 Trillion in Information innovation in the following five years. Cloud administrations showcase has developed to a degree level that it was not a striking level of aggregate it is spending, which was creating new innovations and new businesses which are conceived in the cloud. At the point when cloud administrations are going†¦show more content†¦After this real assault, Adobe has made the apparently positive signal of offering a year worth of credit checking which was just to stagger into another PR debacle for all the influenced clients. Knight Capital: Knight capital is cloud based stock exchanging programming. As per New York post, Knight capital on a wrong and a computerized programming which depended on an off base calculation which predominantly costs a firm amazing $440 million in only forty-five minutes. New York post has been depicted it as Meltdown holding up to happen. The program programming which was erroneously has purchased the stocks at the market cost bringing about a few billion dollars of undesirable positions, previously offering the stocks at the offer cost for less cash. This Error has cleared 75 percent of the knight capitals value esteem, which was in the aftermath from the occurrence Knight capital was fined $12 million by the securities and trade commission. In the long run they needed to pitch their business to algorithmic exchanging organization GETCO for a consolidation $3.75/share. 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The Media Affects Me - 1313 Words

The Media Affects â€Å"Me†? When was the last time one stopped to think how much time he/she spends on the media, or the last time that one had a face to face conversation? According to the Pew Research Center, the use of smartphones in particular has increased an astounding 33% from 2011 to 2015 (Anderson). The media is affecting the general population, but most of all the development of children in more ways than adults, of which some may cause lifelong problems for the children. The use of the media and other electronics has drastically increased over the past 4 years, but it is said to increase even more in the coming years. This is leading harmful effects, specifically on children and adolescents, causing bad behaviors and attitudes, decreased intelligence, and worst of all health problems/concerns. There is no doubt that children and adolescent have an attitude problem and a bad behavior. But what some people fail to notice or bring attention to is why? Some may say that it is stress, or a habit, but while those ideas may be true, one of the major factors is the media. The media influences adolescents attitudes and behaviors significantly causing them problems in the future. A study done by the Salem Health shows that the ideas and/or images that are portrayed on the internet can actually affect the way children view the world and the people who live around them. The media reinforces or encourages gender and ethnic stereotypes along with rude and judgmental behaviorShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1702 Words   |  7 Pagessnakes, or the boogie monster. However, what if I told you that social media is causing widespread fear across the nation to its millions of users. Yes, that is correct†¦ Facebook, Instagram, virtual game worlds, blogs, and collab orative projects are causing fear. 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Managing Workplace Stress Free Essays

string(158) " for telecommunications services as well as the innovations obtainable through benchmarking as well as an in-depth research of the industry \(Siebel, 2001\)\." While there are existing businesses and constantly changing competitive business environments, the skills required to not only run a business but to sustain its performance and, more importantly, to rise above the rest are deemed of utmost significance. Although the employees in a specific company’s workforce are separate individuals in one way or another, it cannot be doubted that the overall performance of the workforce poses a great amount of influence in the total functioning of every company. While achieving this particular objective, this also causes stress in the workforce which may led to a decrease in productivity levels of employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Workplace Stress or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is one of the reasons why stress management procedures are crucial to every business venture. More importantly, a great deal of the creation and management of teams to make them more effective rests at the heart of business undertakings if they feel like they are not working at all.  Read also Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Similar to a well-oiled machine composed of individual but interrelated parts, it can be said that business management teams, in order to accomplish and even surpass their goals, are expected to work together fluently and effectively with the indispensable addition of satisfaction and low stress levels. The smooth interaction and constant dealings of these people in the business organization will most likely lead to favorable consequences in the operations of the business from a larger scheme. On the other hand, the weight of the team manager in assembling a team that is composed of individuals that are not stressed fit well the positions they are to handle is of paramount importance as well. This is because a team that is created with members occupying specific positions strictly in accordance to their capabilities and related experiences is a team whose identifiable roles are devoid of apparent complications and performance-related problems related to stress (Foxman, 2006). Individual and team conflicts may never be far behind inn such a scenario in a stressful working environment. One way in order to preempt such an unwanted instance is to practice techniques that will ensure a high team performance. The Relationship of Stress and Alterations in Health In man’s day to day activities, there are certain factors that hinder him from functioning normally in the office. It may be physical, mental, emotional, or a combination of any of these three. As long as it incapacitates him or debilitates him from doing things normally, then it is a problem that needs to be taken care of. These factors are what are commonly known as stress. According to Peurifov, stress is defined as the â€Å"forces from the outside world impinging on the individual. † Putting it on the medical language, stress is considered as disruption of the balance in our bodies or homeostasis by means stimulus which is physical or psychological in nature (Peurifoy, 2005). These stress stimuli can be of different natures like mental, physiological, anatomical or physical involuntary reactions of our body. There are several processes of our body which we don’t really has a direct control over it. It can be an involuntary habit or reaction that usually arises when something familiar or unfamiliar happens or shows up. If the occurrence of stress made a greater impact to the person, it could be the cause of several serious changes in the person. These changes are alterations in the human health, as it is caused by stress. Once a person is exposed to a certain traumatic stress, he could be facing various changes in the limbic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and some important neurotransmitters. Some manifestations of these alterations can be classified into hyper arousal, dissociation, numbing, and the reoccurrence of certain trauma. Stress and traumatic experiences may trigger several parts of the human brain, most especially the limbic system, which is responsible for maintaining the chemical balance of the body or homeostasis depending on the outside factors. Several networks of the neural regions can be greatly affected in the occurrence of stress and traumatic experiences (Colbert, 2005). When this occurs, the brain could have involuntary abnormal reactions to similar, non-traumatic situations. The messages being sent by the brain to the different parts of the body is affected or hampered at times. There are also several researches that points out the effects of stress on the human’s immune system, as it was examined with different kinds of psychological stressors. Some highlights on the research showed that psychological stress can possibly be able to alter or change a person’s response to a vaccine, thus increasing the risk of infection (Glaser, 1996). It is relevant because we are able to see how the body actually reacts to the occurrence of these live viruses, and how our bodies respond to it. Stress alterations are also being tested on its effect on the body’s ability to repair the wound, since it was found that those undergoing psychological stress heals a lot slower than those who are in a normal living condition (Harding, 2006). The impending problem regarding this matter is about the lingering signs of stress after a stressful experience has occurred. An accident may have caused a post-traumatic stress disorder on a certain person, yet he is unable to notice this. Because of this, he suffers from continued impairment and incapacity as a normal human being. This could be caused by undetected injuries that could have resulted from an assault, several alterations in health behaviors, compromised immune system functioning and several stress-induced health issues (Brealey, 2006). If these concerns are not taken care of, this could lead to permanence in the alteration that he is suffering which would impair the patient for a very long period of time instead of recovering from the stress. The Case of Telstra. One case which can be used as an example is that of Telstra. Aimed at competing with major telecommunications players, the company resorted to create a business team that will seek the most desirable designs for telecommunications services as well as the innovations obtainable through benchmarking as well as an in-depth research of the industry (Siebel, 2001). You read "Managing Workplace Stress" in category "Papers" In order to find the most suitable individuals that will fill-up the various positions in the team, it is an imperative for the prospective team members with varied expertise to be derived from various departments in Telstra. This way, the time to adapt to the company culture may be lessened and at the same time decrease stress in the workplace. Thus, this particular move could inhibit higher productivity. In general, the consequent results to the objective of managing stress in the team and will be reported to higher management for future stress management procedures. With several hefty expectations pending, the composition of the team should indeed be one which is devoid of or at least with very minimal complications so as to accomplish the objective of minimizing stress in the workplace completely. Primarily, the type of team being assembled is a cross-functional task force since the aim is to create a team for Telstra composed of employees coming from different departments that can be dissolved after the completion of the task with minimum stress. Conversely, the team is temporary by nature and, hence, there is a strong desire to compound the best employees of varying expertise. In the same way, this could provide an avenue for the discovery of new environments which lessens stress and competition within the company (Bruzzese, 2007). Further, there are several essential measures that must be taken in order to achieve the ends. One of these is to place the finest employee in a position in accordance to his or her expertise. Another essential measure is to highlight the common purpose of the team as well as to ensure trust among the team members and the team manager. Granting incentives and sharing motivations will aid the team surpass challenges along the way thereby also reducing stress and motivating workers at the same time. Although conflicts in the performance of each of the team members may tend to arise, the key is to be able to work with the stress in the office and still pursue the tasks at hand. Stress Management Skill of Managers Enhances Productivity Levels On the other hand, a figure of an effective manager does not only circle around the vicinity of technical and intellectual capabilities. It also requires a huge heart with sentiments not for personal advantage alone, but for the creation a harmonious relationship with the group and at the same time reducing work related stress. It does not mean that the leader, having been vested with the power to rule or govern over the organization, will be inconsiderate of his constituents’ feelings. Managers must bear in mind that the position under his control requires much in conceptual and emotional skills, rather than technicalities. Internal and External Demands According to Miller, Several organizational changes which are blatantly occurring in the 21st Century pressures conventional managers to be more agile and resilient so as to meet the standard constraints in the extremities on complex and interdependent organizations, which on a state of realization is quite hard to comply (Miller, 2008). As a result, some organizations find themselves hooked a maze of mistakenly trying to be all things to be all people in an attempt to meet proficient external and internal demands and creating stress among employees along the way. The form of leadership required for organizations must align with visualization, resources, and dedication to sustain a frontward impetus in the midst of modifications in twists of challenges faced by the organization (O’Connor, 2005). This helps a lot in reducing work-related stress in the office as employees are faced with an outlook driven goal like in the case of Telstra. Leadership, as defined, is an element of interaction armed with the power to supervise, command, lead and influence members under his leadership in achieving the specified organizational goals willingly, which then implies that effective stress management is collaborative (Miller, 2008). However, the precise definition of the term seemingly confuses many for the reason that application of the word along with its function varies on the nature of the organization, its type, the contingency of the environment, and the leadership style which is to be applied. The complexity of the word is vast and puzzling which then requires conceptualization and analysis, or else a slight mistake on its utilization may shatter the organization as a whole. Human Resource Issues and Challenges to Consider – Including Suggested Solutions. The challenge to have a trained and skilled workforce is the ultimate competitive advantage for any organization. This is also an implied reason why stress should effectively be managed in the workplace (Wheeler, 2007). The rapidly expanding base of new information and technologies affects every one of us, from factory floor to business office and this causes stress. No matter how capable or successful an organization is, like Telstra, if staff training and continuing education is overlooked, there will be problems in the organization. The challenge is to get the best value for the training dollars spent by choosing training that suits the needs of the company and least impacts the bottom line. In order to meet the challenge of reducing stress in the workplace, comprehensive approach to employee development can be adopted like what Telstra does. Set goals and reach them, identifying the needs, developing the right intervention, and delivering a practical, results-oriented solution. Interactive training is designed for the adult learner, requiring involvement in the learning process (Luskin and Pelletier, 2006). Handle specialized workplace challenges with customized group training. Handle challenges specific to the organization (Siebel, 2001). A good approach is to maximize training dollars spent by tailoring content to the organization’s explicit situation to produce the results needed. For instance, Telstra employs top-notch trainers who can combine their experiences with the latest in learning techniques in stress management for interactive sessions that emphasize skill development and application. Analysis on Stress Management. Stress Management in Telstra fragility caters two factors, the dependent and independent variables which simultaneously changes depending on the type of manager, the type of stress reducing procedure being imposed which adheres with the level of knowledge and skills required for the certain designation as well as the height of control which is to be employed (O’Connor, 2005). Stress management patterns of today’s generation are carefully crafted and studied for the benefit of the certain organizations seeking for clarity in the intricacy of some theories, otherwise, a clashing of actions will most likely float up. How to cite Managing Workplace Stress, Papers

IT Workaround System

Table of Contents What Is Workaround? Why to Use Workaround? How to Use Workaround? Where to Use Workaround? When To Use Workaround? Workaround Vs Resistance to Change References What Is Workaround? Organizations must have contingency plans to cater for their system failures. Most operations within various organizations are likely to stall. Thus, the workaround is significant. Generally, a workaround refers to a basic methodology applied to accomplish specific objectives (Majchrzak Gasser, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on IT Workaround System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The application of the process is temporarily and occurs when the normal execution strategy fails. This strategy is applied within operations involving information technology. In such circumstances, the strategy is appropriate in times of system failures. These might involve programming, hardware defaults and communication challeng es. The workaround is used to overcome notable technicalities within the operations in organizations. Once this aim is achieved, the organization may abandon the workaround strategy. Therefore, it is notable that a workaround provides a short-term solution during potential challenges (Gasser, 1986). Indicatively, these challenges are associated with failures in information technology. It might be extremely challenging to develop innovative and transformative operation systems within most business organizations. The project leaders have the responsibility to establish robust mechanisms to enhance the success of a workaround. The workaround enables the development specialists to concentrate in other vital information technology process within the organization. The efficiency of the workaround depends on several important factors. For instance, the areas prone to potential challenges must be identified and classified. This requires an application of a comprehensive approach (Reiher, 20 12). In addition, the targeted efficiency of the workaround must be determined. It is the obligation of the developers within organizations to undertake these roles. The efficiency of the workaround depends on the knowledge and experience of the information and technology experts. These significant considerations are appropriate within all organizations. Particularly, this relates to agencies that deal with highly sensitive information and process. Most professionals term the workaround as a â€Å"crisis mitigation strategy.† Ideally, this is because it increases the level of efficiency within all processes. Why to Use Workaround? The workaround is important in many ways. They form critical components of temporary solutions to constant technological problems within organizations. Certain technological breakdowns might lead to information breaches within organizations. These might include sensitive and confidential information regarding external or internal stakeholders.Advert ising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the application of a workaround helps to rectify the information breach. Therefore, it is a crucial tool for enhancing security. The concept is vital, especially, in the era of increased global threat landscape. The workaround motivates and increases the resilience of the general system within a particular organization. Through its application, the workaround enables the information technology personnel to develop more innovative and resilient strategies (Campbell, 2012). Risk management is a continuous process within all organizations. Within most agencies, the workaround forms part of the risk management procedure. Observably, it plays a significant role in the reinforcement of risk management initiatives. The workaround helps to sustain production processes within specific entities. Notably, disruptions within organizational operations might cause sever e implications. Consequently, these have the capacity to cause detrimental impacts to all relevant stakeholders of the organization. It is also imperative to note that a workaround helps in saving time (Gasser, 1986). Apparently, there is a lot of time wasted when developers try to restore the normal operations. This is observable during system failures. However, these delays are minimized with the implementation of the workaround processes. These include some of the reasons why a workaround should be applied within all entities. How to Use Workaround? The different types of workaround are used in varied mechanisms. For instance, a particular workaround may be applied whenever an individual faces challenges in down loading TV shows. The â€Å"turbo mode† helps in this process. Principally, this is evident after accessing the targeted bay through the â€Å"opera internet browser.† The â€Å"turbo mode† helps to compress and elevate the speed of web browsing (Reih er, 2012). This process enhances the level of efficiency for all slower connections. The process is one of the direct methods of using a definite workaround. There are critical steps to be observed while using a workaround. For example, the process must involve the identification of the potential challenges. Apart from this, the project managers must be keen to provide sensitive and educative information on how to use the system. Capacity building is an important component of a workaround process. The initiative is vital for other employees who lack expertise knowledge on information technology. These may also be applicable to all other end users of the system. Different companies and global corporations apply different types of workaround. Apple includes one of the corporations that employ a unique methodology for its workaround process. The installation of a â€Å"SimUText† on the â€Å"Mountain Lion Machine† may involve the use of a distinct workaround. An individua l must run the â€Å"SimUText† after its installation (Ellison, Heino Gibbs, 2006). There are critical steps to be followed in case of denial of process. This helps to solve the problem of denial. Clicking of the â€Å"OK† button helps to rectify the denial dialog box. The setup provides crucial guidelines that must be followed by all users. This process ensures that the challenge is solved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on IT Workaround System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Where to Use Workaround? Most competitive organizations apply robust and transformative technologies within their operations. A workaround is appropriate within operations involving confidential and important processes (Karpf, 2010). A workaround is also relevant within continuous operations. These operations do not require any form of disturbance. The basic aim is to enhance sustainability of these operations. Therefore, cus tomers are able to access the required services and obtain quality attention from the operations. The workaround initiatives may also be implemented during the development of new management information systems within organizations. The systems developers have to establish innovative workaround mechanisms to combat gross interferences. This is because the development and propagation of new technologies might cause unknown disruptions. There are technicalities related to the operation of new systems. Therefore, the workaround processes are needed in such circumstances (Gasser, 1986). Other than the stated cases, a workaround is also important in cases where there is upgrading of the basic technological processes. The information and network systems within business organizations require persistent monitoring and development. Such initiatives might interfere with the normal operations within such firms. However, the application of a workaround helps to stop these eminent challenges. Whe n To Use Workaround? A workaround program may be applied in different situations. Importantly, it should be noted that system failure provides the basic backbone for any workaround program. Different challenges are faced during emailing processes or while using the internet. These may require the application of a workaround program (Ambrose Chiravuri, 2010). For instance, files that cause barriers during the emailing operations pose great security threats within all systems. Evidently, it is upon the various developers to monitor these barriers. Moreover, they also bear the responsibility to execute the appropriate strategies aimed at maintaining the flow of information. In such cases, a simpler methodology would be applied in solving the challenge. A typical workaround methodology for this problem may be the application of another internet program to send the email. Other unique situations within different agencies may necessitate the use of a workaround program. For example, thes e include the situations that involve the stripping of codes from the basic â€Å"HTML file.† This problematic condition is widely notable when these files are transferred in form of attachments (Reiher, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The best workaround process is to copy and paste all these contents into the relevant email. The idea is to avoid sending the email in an attachment form to the various recipients. The process demonstrates a typical situation in which a workaround may be necessary. Workaround Vs Resistance to Change There are potential impacts of the increased rate of globalization and technological developments. Resistance within organizations is getting more common. There are different reasons why individuals resist change. Generally, most individuals resist change due to fear. Change processes involve unique practices. These might not sound well to all persons within organizations. Most people use a workaround methodology to resist change. This is observable in situations where the change processes are intensive and time consuming (Campbell, 2012). Resistance to any constructive transformation occurs in diverse forms. People are more likely to be silent. Conversely, they might work-around the rel evant technological applications. The workaround strategy has been applied in most organizations by personalities. The aim is to sabotage critical change processes. The management has the obligation to investigate and correct any instances of workaround aimed at sabotaging change processes. References Ambrose, P. J. Chiravuri, A. (2010). A socio-cognitive interpretation of the potential effects of downsizing on software quality performance. Information Systems Journal, 20 (3), 239–265. Campbell, D. (2012). Public Managers in Integrated Services Collaboratives: What Works Is Workarounds. Public Administration Review, 72 (5), 721–730. Ellison, N., Heino, R. Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing Impressions Online: Self-Presentation Processes in the Online Dating Environment. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11 (2), 415–441. Gasser, L.. (1986). The Integration of Computing and Routine Work. ACM Transactionson Information Systems, 4 (3), 205 – 225 Karpf, D. (2010). Online Political Mobilization from the Advocacy Group’s Perspective: Looking Beyond Clicktivism. Policy Internet, 2 (4), 7–41. Majchrzak, A. Gasser, L. (1991). On Using Artificial Intelligence to Integrate the Design of Organizational and Process Change in US Manufacturing. Artificial Intelligence and Society, 5 (4), 321-338. Reiher, M. (2012). Relativistic Douglas–Kroll–Hess theory. WIREs Comput Mol Sci, 2 (1), 139–149. This essay on IT Workaround System was written and submitted by user Valentin Sweeney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Korpus Linguistik Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Korpus Linguistik Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Korpus Linguistik Rosemary | 25 Mei 2014 [pic] 1.0 Pengenalan Apakah itu korpus linguistik? Corpus linguistik adalah satu kajian bahasa dan kaedah analisis linguistik yang menggunakan koleksi teks asli atau "sebenar perkataan" yang dikenali sebagai corpus. Corpus linguistik digunakan untuk menganalisis dan penyelidikan beberapa soalan linguistik dan menawarkan wawasan yang unik ke dalam dinamik bahasa yang telah menjadikan ia salah satu daripada metodologi linguistik yang paling banyak digunakan. Sejak corpus linguistik melibatkan penggunaan korpora besar yang terdiri daripada berjuta-juta atau kadangkala bilion kata-kata, ia banyak bergantung kepada penggunaan komputer untuk menentukan apa kaedah-kaedah mengawal bahasa dan apa patters (tatabahasa atau leksikal misalnya) berlaku. Oleh itu, ia tidak menghairankan bahawa linguistik korpus muncul dalam bentuk moden hanya selepas revolusi komputer pada 1980-an. The Brown Corpus, corpus moden dan boleh dibaca secara elektronik yang pertama, bagaimanapun, telah dicipta oleh Henry Kucera dan W. Nelson Francis seawal tahun 1960-an. 2.0 Kaedah korpus lingustik Corpus Linguistik telah menjana beberapa kaedah penyelidikan, cuba untuk mengesan laluan dari data teori. Wallis dan Nelson (2001) mula diperkenalkan apa yang mereka dipanggil perspektif 3A: Anotasi, Pengekstrakan dan Analisis. . Anotasi terdiri daripada permohonan skim untuk teks. . Pengekstrakan terdiri daripada terjemahan (pemetaan) istilah di dalam skim ini kepada terma dalam model didorong secara teori atau dataset. Pengekstrakan biasanya termasuk ahli bahasa-diarahkan carian tetapi mungkin termasuk contohnya, memerintah-pembelajaran untuk parsers. . Analisis terdiri daripada statistik menyelesaikan sesuatu, memanipulasi dan generalising dari dataset itu. Analisis mungkin termasuk penilaian statistik, pengoptimuman peraturan asas atau kaedah penemuan pengetahuan. Kebanyakan korpora leksikal hari ini adalah sebahagian-of-ucapan-tagged (POS-tagged). Walau bagaimanapun juga ahli bahasa corpus yang bekerja dengan 'teks biasa unannotated' tidak dapat tidak memohon kaedah untuk mengasingkan beberapa terma-terma penting. Dalam situasi ini anotasi dan abstraksi digabungkan dalam carian leksikal. Kelebihan menerbitkan corpus beranotasi ialah pengguna lain boleh melakukan uji kaji ke atas korpus. Ahli bahasa dengan kepentingan-kepentingan lain dan perspektif berbeza daripada ciptaan asal boleh mengeksploitasi kerja ini. Dengan berkongsi data, ahli bahasa corpus dapat merawat korpus sebagai lokus perdebatan linguistik, dan bukannya sebagai satu bentuk huruf lengkap pengetahuan. 3.0 Kelebihan korpus linguistik . Memberi akses kepada maklumat linguistik naturalistik. Seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini, korpora terdiri daripada "perkataan yang benar" teks yang kebanyakannya hasil daripada situasi kehidupan sebenar.Ini menjadikan korpora sumber kajian yang berharga untuk Dialektologi, sosiolinguistik dan gaya bahasa. . Memudahkan penyelidikan linguistik. Korpora boleh dibaca secara elektronik telah dikurangkan secara mendadak masa yang diperlukan untuk mencari perkataan atau frasa tertentu. Satu penyelidikan yang akan mengambil hari atau tahun untuk disiapkan secara manual boleh dilakukan dalam masa beberapa saat dengan tahap tertinggi ketepatan. . Membolehkan kajian pola yang lebih luas dan penempatan bersama kata- kata.Sebelum kemunculan komputer, linguistik korpus belajar hanya kata- kata tunggal dan kekerapan mereka. Teknologi moden dibenarkan kajian patters lebih luas dan penempatan bersama kata-kata. . Membolehkan analisis pelbagai parameter pada masa yang sama. Pelbagai program perisian linguistik korpus, pemasaran online dan alat-alat analitikal membenarkan penyelidik untuk menganalisis bilangan yang lebih besar daripada parameter serentak. Selain itu, banyak korpora diperkaya dengan pelbagai maklumat linguistik seperti anotasi. . Memudahkan kajian bahasa kedua. Kajian bahasa kedua dengan penggunaan bahasa semula jadi membolehkan pelajar untuk mendapatkan "perasaan" lebih baik untuk bahasa dan belajar bahasa seperti ia digunakan dalam sebenar dan bukannya "mencipta" situasi. 4.0 Kelemahan korpus lingustik . Tidak menjelaskan mengapa. Kajian korpora memberitahu kita apa dan bagaimana berlaku tetapi ia tidak memberitahu kami mengapa kekerapan perkataan tertentu telah meningkat dari masa ke masa misalnya. . Tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Korpus linguistik mengkaji bahasa dengan menggunakan korpora dipilih secara rawak atau sistematik. Mereka biasanya terdiri daripada sebilangan besar yang berlaku secara semulajadi teks, bagaimanapun, ia tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Analisis linguistik yang menggunakan kaedah dan alat linguistik korpus itu tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Deny Arnos Kwary dan Linguistik Korpus 02 March 2016 Dosen merupakan seseorang yang memiliki posisi terpenting dalam kelangsungan sistem pendidikan di setiap universitas seluruh dunia. Dosen akan selalu diharapkan agar dapat memberikan sebuah perkembangan besar dan signifikan dalam dunia akademik itu sendiri. Seakan membuktikan pernyataan tersebut, tahun ini salah seorang dosen sekaligus kepala Departemen Sastra Inggris Universitas Airlangga, Bapak Deny Arnos Kwary, tengah mengumumkan rencana penelitian besarnya yang harapannya akan menciptakan sebuah perkembangan besar dalam bidang yang beliau geluti, yaitu linguistik korpus. Penelitian tersebut berjudul Formulasi Klasifikasi Kosakata, Jenis Pemarkah Waktu, dan Bentuk Kalimat di Artikel Ilmiah Jurnal Internasional. Penelitian ini mendapatkan dana hibah dari Universitas Airlangga sebagai bentuk usaha universitas untuk meningkatkan publikasi ilmiah bagi tenaga-tenaga akademiknya. Dosen di Indonesia terus didorong untuk menggiatkan publikasi di tataran internasional. Akan tetapi, seringkali dosen kesulitan dalam mengumpulkan hasil penelitiannya ke jurnal-jurnal kelas